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All the VLSI engineers are aware that we are heading toward the bottleneck at the fabrication level. The three basic pillars namely Moore's law, Dennard's scaling, and Threshold reduction are reaching their minimum possible dimension. Hence CMOS technology needs to be aided by other research at both academic as well as industry level. In this blog, we are discussing the novel non-volatile memory technologies that have the potential to actually provide feasible solutions for t

VLSI enthusiasts must be aware of the fact that today in 2021, relying on the present CMOS technology is not the only solution. There is a great deal of research to dig out the next generation technology in manufacturing chips sector. Today the memory based on CMOS technologies such as SRAM (Static Random access memory) suffers from the issue of alarming high leakage current at lower technology nodes, DRAM (Dynamic Random access memory) requires a refreshing current for charg

Electronics domain involves a lot of skills starting from basic device and circuit simulations, to PCB design, micro controllers and a complete IoT system implementation. Hence, for any beginner it is necessary to explore the open source tools and software that can be utilised for skill development, concept building and learning with hands on experience. Octave: For mathematical equations, Matlab basics, numerical computation, plotting graphs, matrices, linear and non linear

Large-scale integration (VLSI) is the technology for manufacturing a b (IC) by combining thousands of transistors (or semiconductor devices to be precise) into a single silicon wafer chip. Today, VLSI design is a great research area from both the academic and industry perspectives. vlsi design Advanced VLSI trends especially focus on low-power design, memory designs, computational circuits, neuromorphic computing, hardware acceleration for machine learning tasks, hardware imp

8085 microprocessor was initially designed by Intel in 1977 using NMOS technology. Internal Architecture of 8085 and 8086 microprocessors So, as it can be seen in this diagram, there are various functional units in its architecture. Let’s look at their functionality one by one: ALU( Arithmetic and Logical Unit): It includes; the accumulator, the temporary register, arithmetic circuits, and the five flags. It performs arithmetical and logical operations. Accumulator: It’s an

About System Buses: The most famous microprocessors are Intel 8086 and 8085. To transfer data, System buses are used. There are of three types of a microprocessor: 1. Address Bus 2. Data Bus 3. Control bus Address Buses are unidirectional i.e. address always goes out of the microprocessor. It is a group of lines that send a memory address or a device address to the memory or the peripheral. Data Buses are bi-directional, they transfer data in and out of the mic

Microprocessor: A microprocessor is a clock-driven, multi-purpose register-based electronic device. It reads instruction from memory and according to the given instruction, it processes the input data. A microprocessor also has decision-making functionality in terms of changing the sequence of program execution. Example: 8085 Microprocessor: 8085 Microprocessor: About 8085 microprocessors: It’s an 8-bit microprocessor. It’s a 40-pin IC. It can operate with a 3 MHz single-phas

Let us now understand basics of Relay and then will move on to the interfacing part of Relay with Arduino Uno. Relay A relay is an electrically operated switch. It consists of a set of input terminals for a single or multiple control signals, and a set of operating contact terminals. The switch may have any number of contacts in multiple contact forms, such as make contacts, break contacts, or combinations thereof. Interfacing Relay with Arduino Interfacing Relay with Arduin

Firstly will look into the introduction of servo motor and it's working. Then we will study how to interface this servo motor with Arduino Uno. Description of Servo motor Positional rotation servo motor is the most important servo motor. Hence it is also the most common type of servo motor. The shaft output rotates in about 180 degree. Additionally it includes physical stops located in gear mechanism to stop turning outside these limits to guard the rotation sensor. These c

Let us first understand what is Ultrasonic sensor and why, where it is used? Then will move to interfacing part. Ultrasonic sensor As shown below the HC-SR04 Ultrasonic (US) sensor is a 4 pin module, whose pin names are Vcc, Trigger, Echo and Ground respectively. This sensor is a very popular sensor used in many applications where measuring distance or sensing objects are required. The module has two eyes like projects in the front which forms the Ultrasonic transmitter and R

Let us start with introduction of IR sensor and then will see interfacing of IR sensor with Arduino Uno. IR sensor: An infrared (IR) sensor is an electronic device that measures and detects infrared radiation in its surrounding environment. There are two types of infrared sensors: Active IR sensor Passive IR sensor Active infrared sensors both emit and detect infrared radiation. Active IR sensors have two parts: a light emitting diode (LED) and a receiver. When an object

We will start with introduction to LCD then will see interfacing of Arduino Uno with LCD. LCD(Liquid Crystal Display) A liquid crystal display or LCD draws its definition from its name itself. It is a combination of two states of matter, the solid and the liquid. LCD uses a liquid crystal to produce a visible image. Liquid crystal displays are super-thin technology display screens that are generally used in laptop computer screens, TVs, cell phones and portable video games. L